The Issue Of Welfare Spending Essay - 915 Words

Introduction The purpose of my research is to discern how welfare spending, healthcare spending, defence spending, and pension spending impacted vote choice in the 2013 Australian election in comparison to the 2012 United States election, 2013 German election, and 2012 France election. I expect that as support for welfare spending, pension spending, and healthcare spending, decreases, support for right wing parties will increase. I expect that there will be a positive effect on voting for right wing parties as support for defence spending increases. I expect that of these issues, welfare spending will have the largest magnitude and that pension spending will have the lowest magnitude. I do not believe there will be an additional effect in Australia and that the impact will be similar to that of other industrial democracies. Theory and Literature The Funnel of Causality model describes voting behaviour in terms of socio-demographics, party identification, issues, and candidates. In this essay I will focus on issues because they can be compared between countries. An issue is essentially a problem that is perceived to be important, and there is an actor with â€Å"ownership† of the issue, meaning that there is someone who is thought to be â€Å"the best man for the job† so to speak. The economy isn’t an issue because you can’t have â€Å"ownership† over the economy. Issues are important because they explain a lot about voting behaviour. In this paper I have chosen to focus on the issuesShow MoreRelatedWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the abuse of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreEssay on Obama and the National Debt1185 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone agrees that the national debt needs to be fixed. However, people are disagreeing about how to tackle this problem and whether or not we are making any progress. Like most global issues, it is a complicated issue with equally difficult solutions. It is hard to keep people’s interest in a confusing issue, but since we children are the ones that will be stuck with this problem soon, we’d better start taking an interest. To make this easier to understand, I’m going to breakdown theRead MoreRepublicans vs Democrats Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe American political system is made up of primarily two parties, Democrats and Republicans. These parties go against each-other for many political positions, such as presidency. Each supports and opposes different issues. The Democratic Party supports a bigger government and believes the government should guide the people. They are known as Liberals because typically they like change. The Republican Party supports a smaller government and believes the people should guide the government. TheyRead MoreI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing about the Social Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. Originally created during the Great Depression, where the majority of households, through no fault of their own were living in poverty. Although many changes to the system have been made, the original focus is the same. ToRead MoreWelfare Of The United States Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare in the United States began in the 1800’s when the colonies imported British Poor Laws. Before the Great Depression began in America, the government was already supporting certain programs such as the Civil War Pension Program was that passed in 1862 that gave aid to Civil War Veterans and their families. Once the Great Depression hit, unemployment rose and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, enacted the Social Security Act in 1935. The act formed a number of programs that provided aid to a widerRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Welfare1640 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing the origins of welfare states it is easy to make an assumption that the development of wel fare states was in direct response to social needs brought by industrialization and economic development. In fact the early scholarship in social policy did not question the causational effect between economic development and development of welfare states. Understanding that economic development alone cannot sufficiently explain why some countries developed into full welfare states while others didRead MoreWelfare And Health Care Reform1527 Words   |  7 PagesWe the People: An Introduction to American Politics covers the topic of social policy. The two main issues of social policy in today’s society are welfare and health care reform. They are considered the main issues because they require the most government spending, and are the two most controversial and debated parts of social policy in America. America has always had some sort of welfare state. Before the Great Depression, a time of great economic hardship in this country, local governmentsRead MoreSocial Welfare And The Welfare System924 Words   |  4 Pagespublic policy issues, whether those issues include social welfare, immigration or even environmental issues. Congress receives numerous issues on public polices every day, but they cannot handle and solve every issues that comes across their daily agenda, nor can they satisfy every person in this country. Congress prioritizes on those issues that are more important and relevant to find a probable solution too. A growing issue we see that in today’s society are issues in the social welfare system. SocialRead MoreDescription of Political Party Preference in our Society Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagespreferences on many different issue. There are many differences between the two major political parties Democratic and Republican. Each one of those parties has th eir own beliefs and they can be similar, but some may be different in many different issues. With time, personal experience, and with reading on many different issues, I have realized that I am more of a liberal democrat and not a conservative republican. I looked at each parties beliefs on the issues of welfare, abortion, gun control, educationRead MoreEssay about Hcr 230 Week 3 Assignment the Welfare Reform Act1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Welfare Reform Act HCR/230—Claims Prep II Jeana Timmcke University of Phoenix—Axia College The Welfare Reform Act Welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960s, and continues to be a controversial issue. During the late 1980s, citizens were calling for reform of the Welfare System. Due to citizen concern the Personal Responsibility, Welfare and Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) came into effect

Role of Masculinity in Shiloh and A Streetcar Named...

Role of Masculinity in Shiloh and A Streetcar Named Desire A Truckdriver Named Shiloh Have you ever felt that men always screw things up? Perhaps it is not men themselves that cause destruction; maybe it is merely the result of the presence of a masculine character. The role of masculinity is an essential aspect in both Bobbie Ann Masons short story entitled, Shiloh, and in Tennessee Williams play, A Streetcar Named Desire, although it functions very differently in each story. In Shiloh, we see the detrimental effects that the male role has even in its absence through the interactions that Leroy has with his with wife, Norma Jean. Contrasting this particular perspective, in A Streetcar Named Desire the destructive manner of the†¦show more content†¦As the story progresses, Stanleys barbaric masculinity unveils itself to the reader. Stanley Kowalski is a mans man; he goes to work to provide for his family, goes home to a submissive wife who always has dinner prepared, and spends his evenings hanging out with the boys. However, being the super-masculine cha racter can sometimes have wicked effects. Between card games and drinking, Stanley still finds time to lash out at his wife. In scene three, Stella is pleading with Stanley to call it a night and send his poker friends home, but Stanley is resistant. In a drunken fit, Stanley finds it necessary to strike his pregnant wife in order to get his point across. The outburst is shockingly forgiven almost immediately. Stella explains the episode to her displeased sister Blanche the next day, telling her that its not a big deal, and that she shouldnt fuss over it. She says, In the first place, when men are drinking and playing poker anything can happen. Its always a powder-keg. He didnt know what he was doing†¦ Stanley Kowalski takes the role of masculinity to another level altogether. He serves as the super-dominant barbarian provider who says what he means when he wants to. In spite all of Stanleys flaws, Stella not only loves him, but also appreciates and defends his character. The role of masculinity in A Streetcar Named Desire is necessary for survival for the characters involved. Stella simply loves Stanley. She likes the fact

Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay - 1088 Words

Abstract Ethics is defined as the moral principles, values, and beliefs that a person uses to interpret a given situation and then decide the appropriate course of action based on these values (Jones). When we think about ethics, we usually think of honesty and doing the â€Å"right thing.† Ethics is an important facet in any business environment. When a company behaves ethically in communicating with its stakeholder, both internal and external, the organization gains trust and is able to build a strong, solid reputation. Many books and news articles are available online which discuss making ethical decisions and the importance of maintaining a high level of ethical standards in business. Ethical Decisions Sound ethical decisions are extremely important in business communication and the decision making process is greatly affected by ethical standards. There are four general rules any business leader must follow when trying to make ethical decisions. These rules help managers and employees to behave appropriately and in the best interest of stakeholders. The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision is one that produces the greatest good for the maximum number of people affected (Jones). When making business decisions, managers need to consider whether the effects will benefit or harm employees or any other company stakeholder. If the outcome of a decision will benefit a greater number of people than the number of people harmed by the decision, the decision isShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making A Decision On Ethical Decisions1587 Words   |  7 PagesThroughtout this written assignment there will be a discussion on ethical decision making about making a dec ision on possible ethical consequences that may be placed in your life, and what ethical consequences will be dealt with in the mental health professional field. Decisions could possibility pertain your conduct such as an ethical dilemma that will required a serious decision to be solved by your action as an leader. Even though a leader may not have caused the problem, they do not have a choiceRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1496 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005)Read MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of making ethical decisions, I think of doing what’s right, but what exactly is the right thing and how do we define it? As humans we are all brought up under different circumstances, therefore we tend to distinguish from right and wrong in many different ways, especially at a young age when we first start to understand our moral behavior. This difference between the way we determine what’s righ t and what’s wrong is what makes it difficult for us humans to have the same understandingRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1026 Words   |  5 Pageswithin a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1317 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount the works of ethical decision making, ethical decision making is an idea that will dramatically help any manager that takes this issue seriously. In the standpoint of the internal customer, ethical behavior improves the actual atmosphere at the job and helps motivate the actual employees, sets an example to the actual employees, and evokes a feeling of pride with the company and improves it is image within the eyes with th e employees. From the standpoint of outer customer, ethical behavior improvesRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesHaving to make an ethical decision regarding unethical circumstances can be challenging for some. â€Å"Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical alternative.The process of making ethical decisions requires: commitment-the desire to do the right thing regardless of the cost; consciousness-theRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions1533 Words   |  7 Pages When making ethical decisions we as Christians use different sources to help us in deciding how we should respond to a given situation while staying true to our Christian faith and its values. The scholar Richard Hays identified these sources for ethical decision-making into four areas: Scripture, tradition, reason and experience. Neither of these is used in isolation, but work together to help us decide what would be ethically right to lead the â€Å"good life† and proclaim the Kingdom of GodRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead Moreethical decision making1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ethical- Decision Making University of the Rockies Mabel Drafton Abstract Countertransference is how therapists distort the way they perceive and react to a client (Corey, Corey, and Callanan, 2011). Therapists are expected to identify and deal with their own reactions with consultation, personal therapy, and supervision that their clients will not be negatively affected by the therapist’s problem. Personal therapy is an effective way for therapists

The Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization - 1442 Words

Of the many social issues that plague American society, the issue over the legalization of Marijuana remains as one of the most controversial topics. Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to national surveys conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), â€Å"marijuana use rose from 4.1 percent to 9.5 percent of the U.S. adult population in the past decade.† The increase of Marijuana use created an ongoing debate over whether it should be federally legalized or not. Supporters of marijuana legalization emphasize the benefit of marijuana as a treatment option for some life-threatening illness and claims that legalizing the drug will boost the economy†¦show more content†¦For example, a student that intakes marijuana will have a hard time focusing in school, leading them to perform poorly in their classes. Also, people that drive under the influence of marijuana can have a hi gher risk of being involved in an accident because of their senses being impaired by THC. Temporary negative effects under the Influence of marijuana are not the only thing opponents want to address when appealing to their supporters. They also argue that continued use of marijuana has detrimental effects on human development and can permanently damage one’s physical and mental health even when they are not under the influence. Since most marijuana users are young adults, the effects of THC will be damaging to the development of their brain. Research shows that â€Å"adults who smoked marijuana regularly during adolescence have impaired neural connectivity (fewer fibers) in specific brain regions† (Volkow et al., 3). An impairment in development due to marijuana use is an issue because it affects one’s ability to function in the long run. Impaired neural networks can lead to disorders especially ones associated with marijuana use. A recent study was conducted on 1, 253 first-year college students at a public university inShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1226 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Marijuana? According to Dictionary.com, Marijuana is, â€Å"a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria†(marijuana). Marijuana, also known as â€Å"Mary Jane†, is drawn out to be an extremely horrible, life-ruining drug. Children learn that marijuana is a â€Å"gateway† drug and that it only does harm. Though it can be quite addictive, Marijuana is safer than commonly used drugs like Tobacco and could possibly be moreRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana715 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana legalization is a controversial subject with many different problems and solutions. Marijuana has benefits and disadvantages to using it (and many viewpoints on said pros and cons) so one person cannot be the only authority on the subject. Marijuana could possibly be used as a medicine, and although legalizing marijuana could have some benefits, the action could have serious repercussions. The legalization of medical marijuana could have positive benefits to the United States governmentRead MorePros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana784 Words   |  4 Pages According to the English Oxford Living Dictionaries (2017), marijuana is â€Å"Cannabis, especially as smocked or consumed as a psychoactive (mind-altering) drug.† Although marijuana is illegal by the federal law, 29 states have legalized the use of medical marijuana, and in 8 states anyone over the age of 21 can buy marijuana (Nathan, D. L., Clark, H. W., Elders, J, 2017, p. 1746). Many Americans tend to experiment with drugs when put in a certain social event, but rarely abuse drugs or become a drugRead MoreMarijuana: For Better or For Worse?1740 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is a harmful drug and should not be legalized. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug used in the United States. It is a plant that grows from the ground however, it contains many harmful toxins. There are many pros and cons for the legalization of marijuana although there are more cons than there are pros; one being that children are the ones who abuse marijuana the most. Surprisingly, against other beliefs, marijuana smoking actually does impair the user’s ability to drive aRead MoreEssay about Should Marijuana be Legalized?968 Words   |  4 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational or medical use? This is a debate that has been happening for quite some time and this is not just a debate that is happening among people. There are many that have taken sides including medical personal and government officials. Currently in the United States there are two states in which recreational use of marijuana is legal; Colorado and Washington. There are three states currently that have pending legislation to legalize recreational use; CaliforniaRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use1362 Words   |  6 Pageslegalize marijuana for recreational use. Similar to the age li mitation set for buying and consuming alcohol and smoking of tobacco products, Colorado has set the age limit for recreational use for adults who are at least twenty-one years of age and over to use an ounce of this drug. According to the drugabuse.gov website, the drug marijuana is defined as a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa—the hemp plant. After two years of legalizing marijuana, ColoradoRead MoreMarijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pageshappens to be over the legalization of Marijuana. As of 1970 with the passing of The Controlled Substances Act the Federal Government officially classified marijuana as a schedule 1 drug with no real accepted medicinal use at the time (History of Marijuana). As the capabilities of science have progressed over time more and more scientific challenges have bombarded this decision so that more tangible research can be garnered from this plant. The earliest known mention of m arijuana as a recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Weed Growing up, everyone is told that, â€Å"Drugs are bad for you,† time and time again. Now as a kid you don’t really understand the reasoning behind it, but you listen to your authority figure regardless. I remember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug thatRead MoreEssay Astonishing Statistics of Marijuana Use in Minors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans ages 12 and over have reported to using marijuana at least once within the previous year. That number alone is an astonishing statistic on marijuana users. Although marijuana has been a drug with increasing popularity especially throughout the past couple of years due to the legalization in some states. In November of 2012 history was made when Washington and Colorado both lega lized marijuana for recreational use. Although marijuana is considered to be a Schedule 1 drug, which means itRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1224 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Many different web pages and read over the information that they provided and this is what is found. The debit for this topic is all over the place some say we should some say we should not legalize marijuana. The three main topics that will going to go more into depth with are the medical benefits, monetary benefits and the renewable benefits. But first, let a bit about marijuana, so other names for it is weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane to name a few. Marijuana can be

The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

I: Political The main barrier to meeting the challenges of climate change is political inertia. As the centres of political power, it is the responsibility of government officials to use their best judgement and make sound policy decisions on behalf of citizens. Such decisions require active engagement with other governments as well as with experts, stakeholders and the public. In the context of climate change, it also entail a careful a balance the short-and long-term effects of taking or failing to take action. For the past two decades, governments have engaged in a series of negotiations to weigh in on issues of climate change. However, there has been a standstill over what must be done, who must do it, and what actions are required. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted in 1992 introduced the issue into the political agenda. In turn, The Kyoto Procol (1997) included a few legally binding measures, namely the commitment to reduce global greenhouse emissions to 5.2% below 1990 levels between 2008 to 2012. This target that was reached early because of the process of economic transition in, for example, former Soviet countries. Nevertheless, at the same time, emissions from developed countries increased by 11% until the global economic downturn began in 2008, and some missed the target all together or were not even a party to the Protocol (Williams, 2015). More recent attempts have similarly failed to produce meaningful results – asShow MoreRelatedU nfccc. The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change1740 Words   |  7 PagesUNFCCC The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was opened for signature in June 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where it was signed by 155 States and the European Union (EU), was then entered into force on 21 March 1994 having been approved by 193 States and the EU as of January 2011. This Framework Convention on Climate Change acts as an alliance to mediate disagreement involving many parties andRead MoreUnited Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change887 Words   |  4 Pagesof the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) where a new agreement is to be signed about climate change at Paris summit in December 2015. In addition, the report points out that renewable energy is countries’ essential tool not only to fulfil climate change mitigation objectives but also to incite economic growth. In fact, I belief that rene wable energy is the pledge that each nation must take to avoid potential harms of ecosystemsRead MoreUnited Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change2879 Words   |  12 Pagesstranded polar bears, the mascots of climate change show how rapidly the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are changing the planet. Such examples, in addition with the rising price of energy, drive people to want to reduce consumption and lower their personal shares of global emissions. In the 1990s, almost every member state of the United Nations resolved to confront global warming and manage its consequences. Thus the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) international treaty recognizedRead MoreUnited Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change Essay2335 Words   |  10 Pagescommitting to the first truly global international climate change agreement (Paris Agreement, 2015). This agreement took place in Paris and was adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli mate Change (UNFCCC). The outcome of the Paris Conference on Climate Change was described as â€Å"revolutionary† (Venezuela) â€Å"marvelous act† (China) and as â€Å"a tremendous collective achievement† (European Union) that introduced a â€Å"new era of global climate governance† (Egypt) while â€Å"restoring the globalRead MoreEstablishing The Institutional Framework For The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change2515 Words   |  11 PagesEstablishing the institutional framework for the CDM in Montenegro Draft May 2005 Module III: Tradable Renewable Certificates and Certified Emission Reductions in Montenegro Part A - CDM in Montenegro Module III: Tradable Renewable Certificates and Certified Emission Reductions in Montenegro Part A - CDM in Montenegro Draft Page 1 of 11 Index Introduction .............................................................................................................. 2 Special circumstances for theRead MoreGoal 7 Of The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change992 Words   |  4 PagesGoal 7 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sustainability goals (2014) is to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.In breaking down this goal, a number of specific targets have been generated to make the goal more attainable. The first of which is being able to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. This target is difficult to assess because it is not directly measurableRead MoreKyoto Protocol And The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change1256 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a legally binding international agreement, which was adopted in December 1997 and came into effect in February 2005. It aims to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Since â€Å"an emission anywhere in the world contributes to global warming† (Campbell), international cooperation was necessary to address climate change as, without everyone’s involvement, notRead MoreThe Treaty Of South Africa Kyoto Protocol Under The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages2.0. Introduction The Republic of South Africa signed the Kyoto Protocol under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 31 July, 2002 as a non-annex I party. Therefore, South Africa, like all other developing countries has not been allocated specific targets to commit to under the protocol. At the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP) negotiations that took place in Copenhagen in 2009 (UNFCC, 2009), South Africa took the responsibility to carry out mitigation actions toRead MoreThe Policy And Regulations On Ccs949 Words   |  4 Pages2.9 Policy and Regulations on CCS 2.9.1 What Does a Comprehensive Policy Framework Look like? According to IEA’s (2012) ‘Technology Perspectives 2012 2oC’ report, limiting the long term global temperature increase to 2oC necessitates CCS to account for one-sixth of emission reduction from a ‘business as usual scenario’ by 2050 (IEA, 2013a, p.5). This implies that the amount of captured and stored CO2 across the power generation sector should hit about 7.8 GtCO2 in 2050 (IEA, 2012). Achieving theseRead MoreThe Kyoto Protocol ( Kp )1180 Words   |  5 Pagespossible with international cooperation. With this in mind, the Kyoto Protocol (KP) was devised. The ultimate goal of the KP was synonymous to that of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): to â€Å"prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system†(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2014). To achieve this, the KP outlined several goals that include: 1. GHG emissions reduction and increased energy efficiency in developed countries, 2

Effect of Lemongrass free essay sample

Third world connotes a certain level of economic condition that somehow pushed and motivated some Filipinos to look alternative ways to economize in almost every aspect of life to survive. One of the biggest problems of our country is the fast spread of diseases such as dengue fever. Dengue fever is caused by mosquitoes. It is a common knowledge that mosquitoes came from wrigglers. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy), and rash. And so, to prevent these mosquitoes from multiplying rapidly, this research aims to discover practical and natural way of terminating these pests. Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted towards the effectiveness of lemongrass and pandan water extracts in reducing wriggler’s life span. Specifically, it was geared to: 1. Determine if lemongrass and pandan can be an effective tool in preventing the fast development of wrigglers. 2. Compare the life span of wrigglers in the treatments with lemongrass and pandan water extracts against the treatment with water only. 3. Compare the mortality rate of wriggler’s in the treatments with lemongrass and pandan water extracts against the treatment with water only. Hypotheses: 1. Lemongrass and pandan can be an effective tool in preventing the fast development of wrigglers. 2. The life span of wrigglers in the treatments with lemongrass and pandan water extracts is lesser against the treatment with water only. 3. One hundred percent of the wrigglers in the treatment with lemongrass and pandan water extracts will be dead. Significance of the Study It was stated earlier that one of the best ways in controlling pests is through the use of insecticides or pesticides. These pest-controlling products are mainly made up of chemicals. But, there is a serious effect in our environment when it comes to the improper use of these chemicals. It contributes to air pollution and is harmful to everyone’s health. It is, therefore, significant to use alternatives and practical ways to stop use of chemicals and learn to make use of them in such a way that our environment as well as our health will not be affected. Scope and Limitation The scope of this study is to use pandan and lemongrass as alternative control method for chemical insecticides in controlling the development of mosquito larvae in our environment and household. The experiment was conducted in San Pablo City National High School from November to December 2010. Definition of Terms Mortality rate- is a measure of the number of deaths in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time Lemongrass is a commercially-viable plant that is cultivated mainly for the fragrance that it produces Pandan most predominantly used in the Southeast Asian cooking and is upright with fan shaped sprays like structure of leaves that are narrow and blade-like Life span is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given. Lemongrass is native to Malaysia, and is an important ingredient in Southeast Asian cooking. It is a tender perennial with a mild lemony fragrance and a lemon-citrus type taste. The stalks are too tough to eat, but they can be chopped and pounded to add flavor to fish or poultry sauces, and stir fry. It has long, thin, sharp grass-like gray-green leaves, and a scallion-like base. It grows to up to 6 feet under ideal conditions in the tropics, and to about 3 feet in more northerly climates, so use it as a mid to back of the border plant. It makes a nice contrasting backdrop for most any shorter annual or perennial flower or herb. It is native to India. It is widely used as an herb in Asian cuisine. It has a citrus flavor and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh. Lemongrass is commonly used in teas, soups, and curries. It is also suitable for poultry, fish, and seafood. Lemongrass oil is used as a pesticide and a preservative. Research shows that lemongrass oil has anti-fungal properties. Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Pandanus a. is a genus of monocots with about 600 known species. Plants vary in size from small shrubs less than 1  metre (3. 3 ft) tall, up to medium-sized trees 20  metres (66 ft) tall, typically with a broad canopy and moderate growth rate. The trunk is stout, wide-branching, and ringed with many leaf scars. They commonly have many thick prop roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. The leaves are strap-shaped, varying between species from 30  centimetres (12 in) up to 2  metres (6. 6 ft) or more long, and from 1.   centimetres (0. 59 in) up to 10  centimetres (3. 9 in) broad. It is a tropical plant in the screwpine genus which is known commonly as pandan and is used widely in Southeast Asian cooking as a flavoring. The plant is rare in the wild but is widely cultivated. It is an upright green plant with fan-shaped sprays of long, narrow, bladelike leaves and woody aerial roots. The plant is sterile, flowers only very rarely, and is propagated by cuttings. The leaves are used either fresh or wilted, and are commercially available in frozen form in Asian grocery stores in nations where the plant does not grow. They have a nutty, botanical fragrance which enhances the flavor of Indonesian, Singaporean, Filipino, Malaysian, Thai, Bangladeshi, Vietnamese and Burmese foods, especially rice dishes and cakes. In the Philippines, pandan leaves are being cooked along with rice to incorporate the flavor and smell to it. As can be observed, the uses of the pandan are not limited to cooking uses. Its leaves and roots are found to have medicinal benefits. Such parts of the plant have been found to have essential oils, tannin, alkaloids and glycosides, which are the reasons for the effective treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain reliever, mostly for headaches and pain caused by arthritis, and even hangover. It can also be used as antiseptic and anti-bacterial, which makes it ideal for healing wounds. In the same manner, a preparation derived from the bark of this plant may be used to address skin problems. Many people have also discovered that it is an effective remedy for cough. In India, pandan leaves are being used to treat skin disorders like leprosy and smallpox. In Hawaii, pandan flowers are being chewed by mothers who later give the chewed flowers to their children, as laxative. The juice extracted from pounded roots of this tree is used and mixed with other ingredients to ease chest pains. Also, it is used as tonic for women who have just given birth and who are still in weak states. Pandan flowers have also been traced with characteristics that function as aphrodisiac. Pandan also manifests anti-cancer activities, and that is why modern researches in the United States have subjected this plant for further experiments and investigation (http://www. philippineherbalmedicine. org/pandan. htm). Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Mosquito is a common insect in the family Culicidae. Mosquitoes resemble crane flies (family Tipulidae) and chironomid flies (family Chironomidae), with which they are sometimes confused by the casual observer. They go through four stages in their life-cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult or imago. Adult females lay their eggs in standing water, which can be a salt-marsh, a lake, a puddle, a natural reservoir on a plant, or an artificial water container such as a plastic bucket. The first three stages are aquatic and last 5–14 days, depending on the species and the ambient temperature; eggs hatch to become larvae, then pupae. The adult mosquito emerges from the pupa as it floats at the water surface. Adults live for 4–8 weeks. There are about 3,500 species of mosquitoes found throughout the world. In some species of mosquito, the females feed on humans, and are therefore vectors for a number of infectious diseases affecting millions of people per year. The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever, Chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, and other diseases. The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the thorax. The mosquito originated in Africabut is now found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Aedes aegypti is a vector for transmitting yellow fever. Understanding how the mosquito detects its host is a crucial step in the spread of the disease. Aedes aegypti are attracted to chemical compounds that are emitted by mammals. These compounds include ammonia, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and octenol. Scientists at the Agricultural Research Service have studied the specific chemical structure of ocentol in order to better understand why this chemical attracts the mosquito to its host. They found that the mosquito has a preference for â€Å"right-handed† octenol molecules. The term â€Å"right-handed† refers to the specific orientation of the molecule, which can either be â€Å"right-handed† or â€Å"left –handed. † This discovery helps scientists understand how the mosquito seeks out its host and may enable them to develop more effective forms of mosquito repellant.

Reponse to crime free essay sample

The society’s response to crime is shown in different forms that has evolved over time. In this paper, we will discuss how society’s response to crime has impacted public policy, sentencing practices, and correctional operations in different ways. This paper will also go over the reasons why there is a need for punishment and crime. Also it will focus on an emphasis on punishment and rehabilitation. First, what are some of society’s responses to crime? Some of responses are getting their voices heard through protesting, social networking threats, riots, boycotting, and even an act of terrorism. The society’s views on crime and punishment has evolved over a great period of time. (Siegel 2013) They use to base the law off of religious beliefs and conservative ways of punishment, which consisted of the electric chair and hangings. However, laws have been influenced to the liberal or flexible ways such as self-defense, proclaiming insanity, and the acceptance of advanced technology and science as a reference of evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Reponse to crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The society’s perspective about things are very important in the criminal justice system. Public policy is the course of government action or inaction in response to public problems. The society’s outlook matters and it helps generate and design restrictions within the community and support public policy. (Siegel 2013) If the society is constantly complaining about crime, public policy (Congress) will eventually listen and make changes in laws to help make the community feel safe. If public policy fails to answer to the society, the society may take matters into their own hands and not trust or believe in law. For an example, the public has a fear of sex offenders. Policymakers will form or progress polices in treatment accommodations for those people to make the community feel safe and also have the offenders register to make the society aware of where they reside. Describe how society’s response to crime impacts sentencing practices. When it comes to sentencing, it is the most serious public policy matter. The society’s response to crime effects sentencing practices. (Siegel 2013) The morals of the community is significant. Sentencing practices are impacted by the society and are based off of the harm committed against victims of a crime as well as the effect of the crime from the society’s point of view. Society does not always get heard, but when they are heard massively in size, the Federal and State governments reply to society with legislation and regulation. (Aos 2006) This is to help gain and rebuild integrity. Also, sentencing practices are impacted by society and changes the way they evaluate things such as the length of stay for offenders. Describe how society’s response to crime impacts correctional operations. In order for a change to occur, someone must take a step to demand a change. In the correctional facilities, they are impacted by the complaints of overcrowding and in women correctional facilities, being sexually abused by workers. (Aos 2006) More and more inspections will apply. Sometimes the society’s response to crime does not always impact the correctional operations. There will always be a need for crime and punishment. Crime acknowledges the difference between a citizen’s conduct is either right or wrong and punishment convict citizens and enforce the law. Without crime or laws, how would one know if wrong doing is occurring? We need punishment for those that does not understand the law and are not fit to live in society. Punishment also provides valuable penalties and teaches a lesson. (Siegel 2013) An emphasis on punishment or rehabilitation is basically the concept of consequences versus rehabilitation. In opinion, people would rather send an offender to a rehabilitation center versus sending someone to prison. This seems like an act of saving money. Rehabilitation, this is a place to help offenders with addiction or problems so that they can reform from criminal tendencies. (Siegel 2013) Punishment is something the society thinks should be permanent in order to reframe from society as a whole. In conclusion, society response to crime enhances public policy, sentencing practices and correctional operations. The society is sometimes heard and sometimes ignored by these different groups. The society only wants justice and fairness. The society only wants new ways to resolve new types of crimes and for the community to feel safe.